Hadena tephroleuca (Boisduval, 1833)


Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Lüner See, Rätikon, west Austrian Alps, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Lüner See, Rätikon, west Austrian Alps, ex July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Lüner See, Rätikon, west Austrian Alps, ex July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Lüner See, Rätikon, west Austrian Alps, ex July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Adult (e.l. Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Ovum in flower of Silene rupestris, calyx opened (Alpes-Maritimes near Isola 2000, 2300m above sea level, July 2011) [M] Hadena tephroleuca: L1-larva (Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: L1-larva (Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: L2-larva (Lüner See, W-Austria, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: L2-larva (Lüner See, Vorarlberg, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: L2-larva (Kanisfluh, Vorarlberg, July 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Young larva (Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Young larva (Kanisfluh, 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Young larva (Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Lüner See, 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Kanisfluh, July 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in the thirdlast instar (Kanisfluh 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Kanisfluh 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in penultimate instar (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva in last instar (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Kanisfluh 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Kanisfluh 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Kanisfluh 2010) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Lüner See 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva (Alpes-Maritimes 2011) [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Larva: head [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Pupa [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Pupa [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Pupa [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Pupa: kremaster [S] Hadena tephroleuca: Silene rupestris, the host plant on silicious rocks (Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011) [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Silene rupestris, the host plant on silicious rocks (Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011) [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat in the Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011: Silene rupestris on rocky, shallow ground in 2300m above sea level. [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat in the Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011: Silene rupestris on rocky, shallow ground in 2300m above sea level. [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat on a silicious rock in the Alpes-Maritimes, July 2011. I recorded eggs on this plant. [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat in the Alpes-Maritimes (July 2011) [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat in the Alpes-Maritimes in about 1600m above sea level, late June 2011. [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Gypsophila repens: the hostplant on limestone (Lüner See, August 2010) [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat on rock with Gypsophila at the Lüner See (August 2011) [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat in a cliff at the Lüner See, August 2011. [N] Hadena tephroleuca: Larval habitat in steep calcareous gravel at the Lüner See (August 2011) [N]

Host plants:
The caterpillars live in limestone areas on Gypsophila repens and in silicate areas on Silene rupestris.

Habitat:
Hadena tephroleuca inhabits rocky to debris rich slopes in altitudes from about 1200 to 2700m above sea level (maximum between 1500 and 2300m above sea level), where the caterpillars were found mostly on steep rocky slopes or embankments of rubble.

Life cycle:
The pupa hibernates, according to breeding observations occasionally even several times. The moths fly from late May to mid-August with peak from late June to late July. A partial second generation does not seem to occur according to breeding observations. Rather, individual adults may appear later due to different dormancy lengths and snow melting times.

Eggs are laid in the flower (egg records on Silene rupestris in the Maritime Alps). The older caterpillars hide on the ground during the day. The larval season is from late June to September.

Endangerment factors:
Hadena tephroleuca can be threatened by reforestation or tourist activities especially in small-scale habitats. Many of its high-altitude sites are fortunately beyond intensive human use, so that in general there is only a low risk.

Remarks:
Hadena tephroleuca occurs disjunct in some European and Asian mountains (Sierra Nevada, some more Iberian mountains, Pyrenees, Alps, Corsica, locally in the Balkans, widespread in Turkey, etc.). In the Alps Hadena tephroleuca is common in the southwestern part. To the northeast, it penetrates locally to the Allgaeu Alps (Germany), to Vorarlberg and west Tyrol (Austria).



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